Magalimoto Opangira Madzi a Pampu

Chotengera cha shaft cha pampu yamadzi ya galimoto ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu makina oziziritsira magalimoto, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga kutentha kwabwino kwa injini. Monga chotengera cholondola kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwira makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu amadzi agalimoto, chimatsimikizira kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku impeller ya pampu yamadzi, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a makina oziziritsira komanso kudalirika kwa injini.

Ponena za kusankha zinthu, chitseko cha shaft bearing ya pampu yamadzi yamagalimoto nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi nayiloni yolimbikitsidwa 66—chinthuchi chimasankhidwa chifukwa cha kukana kwake kuwonongeka, kupirira kutentha kwambiri, komanso kupepuka kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bearing ikhale ndi moyo wautali komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Ponena za ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake, chogwirira cha shaft cha pampu yamadzi ya galimoto chili ndi zabwino zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofunikira kwambiri mu makina oziziritsira magalimoto.

Choyamba, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchirikiza shaft ya pampu yamadzi: imasunga shaft bwino pamalo pake pomwe imalola kuzungulira bwino, kutumiza bwino mphamvu yozungulira kuchokera ku lamba wa injini kapena makina a giya kupita ku impeller. Kutumiza kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti impeller izungulire choziziritsira mu injini yonse, kutulutsa kutentha kochulukirapo ndikuletsa kutentha kwambiri.

Kachiwiri, bearing imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kogwirizana—misewu ya mpikisano nthawi zambiri imapangidwa mwachindunji pa shaft ya pampu yamadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunikira kwa mphete yamkati yosiyana. Kapangidwe katsopano aka sikuti kamangosunga malo oyika mkati mwa pompu yamadzi komanso kumawonjezera mphamvu ya bearing yonyamula katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba ku zovuta zamakina zomwe zimachitika panthawi yogwira ntchito ya injini.

Chachitatu, ma bearing awa amaperekedwa ngati mayunitsi otsekedwa omwe asonkhanitsidwa kale. Ma seal ophatikizidwa amapereka chotchinga cholimba ku coolant, mafuta a injini, fumbi, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa, kupewa dzimbiri la bearing ndi kulephera msanga chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi mafuta.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri za ma bearing a shaft a pampu yamadzi agalimoto zimapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri za makina ozizira agalimoto. Ponena za zinthu, mphete yakunja, zinthu zozungulira, ndi malo olumikizirana a shaft zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zolimba kwambiri. Zitsulozi zimadutsa munjira zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri, zolimba, komanso zolimba, kuonetsetsa kuti bearing imatha kupirira kuzungulira kwachangu kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kugundana ndi makina.

Zisindikizo zapamwamba zoteteza madzi ndi chinthu china chodziwika bwino—zimapangidwa mwaluso kuti zigwirizane bwino ndi chivundikiro cha bearing ndi shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamatuluke madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Zisindikizozi zimapangidwanso kuti zigwirizane ndi kutentha komanso kutsika kwa kutentha panthawi yoyatsa injini komanso kuzimitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamatseke bwino kutentha kulikonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, mabearing amapaka mafuta ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapereka kukana kutentha, kukana madzi, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mafuta apaderawa amatsimikizira kukana mafuta nthawi zonse ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuwonongeka pakati pa zinthu zozungulira ndi misewu yothamangira.

Pomaliza, mphamvu ya katundu wa ma bearing awa yapangidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti igwire mphamvu zazikulu za radial ndi axial. Kaya ndi mphamvu ya radial yochokera ku mphamvu ya lamba kapena mphamvu ya axial yochokera ku ntchito ya impeller, kapangidwe ka bearing kamakonzedwa bwino kuti kagawire mphamvuzi mofanana, kuletsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika komweko ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya bearing.